Terrain-Specific: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Canada

The Canadian landscape has typically captured a global imaginary of a pristine wild, but how might its urban designed landscapes be distinctly understood? Foregrounded by the landscape transformations accelerated by climate change, the book Innate Terrain: Canadian Landscape Architecture, edited by Professor Alissa North from the University of Toronto, highlights landscape architecture projects situated on the unique Canadian terrain. Providing further provocation on Canadian landscape architecture, Innate Terrain seeks to fill the literary gap on contemporary landscape perspectives, distinguishing Canadian landscape architecture from global practice, and particularly, its well-documented American counterpart. Landscape architecture in the Canadian context has evolved and established its own distinct identity, one imbued with national and local sensitivities. Informed by diverse environmental and cultural contexts, Canadian-designed landscapes reflect and refer to the prevailing ecosystems of Canada’s innate terrain. Contrary to the preceding International Style, landscape architecture projects in Canada have adopted the ethos of Critical Regionalism in the second half of the 20th century. Contemporary Canadian practitioners are designing landscapes that are deeply informed by their surrounding geographical context while emphasizing cultural specificity. Central to this cultural specificity, addressed by a new generation of landscape architects, is the increasing recognition of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge within the discipline. Canadian landscape architects have collaborated with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, including the keepers of this knowledge, to develop land management strategies and design landscape interventions.     

Non-keyhole Friction Stir Welding for 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

A novel non-keyhole friction stir welding technique was proposed to weld the butt joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 6 mm. A sound joint was obtained by this technique, simultaneously eliminating the flash, shoulder mark and keyhole defects. The sleeve directly affected zone (SDAZ) and the sleeve indirectly affected zone (SIAZ) were divided into the joint according to the plunging position of the hollow sleeve. The lack of root penetration defect was avoided when the plunging depth of the hollow sleeve was only 4.2 mm, because the hollow part inside the sleeve improved the material flow below the sleeve. An S-shaped line was left at the SIAZ, and the height of it had the minimum value of 1.47 mm at 20 mm/min. Whether the failure location of the joint was in SIAZ/SDAZ or the heat-affected zone (HAZ) depended on the height and bonding strength of the S-shaped line. The joint fracture location changed from the SIAZ/SDAZ at 35 mm/min to the HAZ at 20 and 30 mm/min. The maximum tensile strength of 224.3 MPa was obtained at 30 mm/min which was 73.7% of that of the base material. The fracture surface morphology exhibited the typical ductile fracture.     

A terrain risk assessment method for military surveillance applications for mobile assets

This study proposes an analytical and flexible terrain risk assessment method for military surveillance applications for mobile assets. Considering the risk as the degree of possibility of insurgent presence, the assessment method offers an efficient evaluation of risk in the surrounding terrain for military combat operating posts or observation posts. The method is designed for unmanned aerial vehicles as the surveillance assets of choice to improve the effectiveness of their use. Starting with the area map and geographical data, the target terrain is first digitized for space representation. Then the data of nine geographical parameters are used to formulate five contributing risk factors. These factors are incorporated in an analytical framework to generate a composite map with risk scores that reveal the potential high-risk spots in the terrain. The proposed method is also applied to a real-life case study of COP Kahler in Afghanistan, which was a target for insurgent attacks in 2008. The results confirm that when evaluated with the developed method, the region that the insurgents used to approach COP Kahler has high concentration of high-risk cells.     

山东大学新校区环境设计

从空间分析的角度介绍山东大学新校区景观规划设计的构思,引申出对校园空间格局的探讨,为今后更好地从人文主义出发,创造宜人化的生活环境尺度提供借鉴.     

基于虚拟现实的复杂场景加载优化算法

目前大规模场景模型生成的需求量日益增加, 现提出了一种基于区域的自动 LOD (Levels Of Details)构建算法. 该算法基于动态网格简化算法, 在游戏设计制作的过程中, 游戏开发人员会经常需要对美工部门人员提供的模型进行优化. 为了可以使模型的面数得到简化, 并且不改变模型的外观. 当今流行的 LOD技术非常擅于处理这种情况, 判断模型与摄像机的距离如果超过一定范围之后, 自动调取不同层次的模型, 当模型距离摄像机很远的情况下使用面数低的模型替换高模, 这样可以提高帧率并且降低摄像机前的三角面以及顶点数从而减少渲染压力. 一般模型的简化分为静态和动态模型的简化.大部分情况下, 程序员会让美工部门提供几套不同面数的模型或者通过模型简化工具对高模进行减面并存成多个Mesh, 并在程序运行的时候, 根据模型与摄像机的距离远近动态的替换Mesh. 这是一种静态的方法.这里将尝试使用一种动态的网格简化和LOD技术相结合的方法. 这种新型算法的大大的简化了操作流程, 美术人员只需要提供一个模型, 程序员可以使用这种方法生成量级不同的低模, 根据摄像机与模型的远近自动的调取不同精度的模型.     

碳纤维布加固RC梁后的荷载-挠度全曲线的简化计算

为了得到碳纤维布加固RC梁后的荷载-挠度全曲线,许多文献的分析过程都需要借助计算机程序进行迭代计算,以确定每一个时段的中和轴高度,由此可得到相应的荷载-挠度关系。为了能在实际的工程设计中进行简化计算,本文通过求出各个界限荷载值以及与之对应的位移,利用各个界限点之间线性插值来得到荷载-挠度全曲线关系。给出了钢筋混凝土结构的分阶段平截面弹塑性分析法。计算结果与试验结果、有限元分析结果吻合良好,表明了该方法具有较高的精度,为碳纤维布加固梁提供了参考依据。     

On The Lower Bound Of Edge Guards Of Polyhedral Terrains

Guarding polyhedral terrains is a relatively new problem in computational geometry. It is known as NP-hard problem. In 1997, P. Bose, T. Shermer, G. Toussaint and B. Zhu stated the bounds on the number of guards and proposed some algorithms for placing vertex and edge guards. In this contribution, we point to the inconsistency in the proof of the lower bound of the number of edge guards. We show that following the approach of Bose et al. for an n-vertex polyhedral terrain only a weaker lower bound of ?(2n?4)/7? can be achieved. Hence deriving the proof for the lower bound equal to ?(4n?4)/13? originally stated by Bose et al. remains an open issue.     

The Comparison of Reflectance based on Different Terrain Correction

Selecting the Xinglong Mountain which locates in the southeast of Lanzhou city，GanSu province as an example.Using the Landsat8 satellite image as the data source，the Cosine method，C and the modified Minnaert methods were used for each band in the study area.Comparing with the results of the field measurement reflectance and the statistical characteristics of image，the result showed that the cosine method has a perfect correction in the visible and short wave infrared wavelength，the C correction has a serious over\|correct，however.In the Near Infrared Wavelength，the better result obtained by C correction，and the cosine method has over\|correct otherwise.Comparing with the correct effect of whole bands，the modified Minnaert method has an ideal correct effect.The comparison of before and after correction we found that there is a smaller difference for three methods in the smaller slope，and the over correct is mostly in the south.What’s more，with the increase of the slope，the over correct is more obviously，but，there is a little over correct which used the modified Minnaert method in the whole area，it’s more suitable in large slope and the complicated area.     

Feature Detection and Simplification of 3D Face Data with Facial Expressions

We propose an efficient framework to realistically render 3D faces with a reduced set of points. First, a robust active appearance model is presented to detect facial features in the projected faces under different illumination conditions. Then, an adaptive simplification of 3D faces is proposed to reduce the number of points, yet preserve the detected facial features. Finally, the point model is rendered directly, without such additional processing as parameterization of skin texture. This fully automatic framework is very effective in rendering massive facial data on mobile devices.     

基于渐近网格的三维建筑模型简化方法应用

在城市空间三维表现中,针对复杂自然景观的地形地貌大多采用不规则三角网TIN模型表现。为节约存储空间,在参照JPEG压缩技术中的用户兴趣域编码思想（RO I）结合边收缩算法的基础上,实现用户兴趣域以外的其它区域进行简化,只对用户兴趣域保持较高分辨率。本算法在简化过程中同时生成过程文件,保证了模型连续多分辨率的重建。